Renaissance (1400s–1600s)
- Color Palette: Earthy tones, muted greens, blues, and reds; prized pigments included ultramarine and vermilion.
- Brushwork: Smooth, fine details with glazing techniques for realism and depth.
- Notable Artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael.
Baroque (1600s–1700s)
- Color Palette: Deep, dramatic contrasts with rich colors like carmine red, ochre, and black; chiaroscuro was key.
- Brushwork: Fluid yet precise, emphasizing movement and dramatic lighting.
- Notable Artists: Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Peter Paul Rubens.
Rococo (1700s–Late 1700s)
- Color Palette: Soft pastels such as peach, sky blue, light pink, and gold for a playful, decorative aesthetic.
- Brushwork: Light, delicate strokes conveying refinement and whimsy.
- Notable Artists: François Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard.
Neoclassicism (Late 1700s–1800s)
- Color Palette: Muted tones inspired by ancient Greek and Roman art, focusing on whites, grays, and earth tones.
- Brushwork: Clean, sharp lines with smooth, polished surfaces.
- Notable Artists: Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres.
Romanticism (1800s–1850s)
- Color Palette: Vibrant, emotional colors like fiery reds, stormy grays, and deep blues.
- Brushwork: Expressive and energetic to convey drama and awe.
- Notable Artists: J.M.W. Turner, Eugène Delacroix.
Realism (1840s–1880s)
- Color Palette: Natural tones with earthy browns and greens to depict real-life scenes.
- Brushwork: Precise yet less polished, focusing on everyday life and detail.
- Notable Artists: Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet.
Impressionism (1860s–1900s)
- Color Palette: Light, vibrant colors directly applied; shimmering blues, yellows, and pinks dominate.
- Brushwork: Short, visible strokes capturing light and movement.
- Notable Artists: Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
Post-Impressionism (1880s–1900s)
- Color Palette: Bold, expressive colors with emotional, sometimes unnatural hues.
- Brushwork: Varied, from pointillism to bold, dramatic strokes.
- Notable Artists: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat.
Fauvism (1900s–1910s)
- Color Palette: Pure, vivid hues like red, orange, and blue with expressive abstraction.
- Brushwork: Bold, quick strokes emphasizing vibrant color over detail.
- Notable Artists: Henri Matisse, André Derain.
Cubism (1907–1920s)
- Color Palette: Muted monochromes or brighter synthetic colors in later phases.
- Brushwork: Fragmented, geometric shapes with minimal texture.
- Notable Artists: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque.
Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s)
- Color Palette: Varied—bold primaries for impact or muted tones for mood.
- Brushwork: Energetic, gestural techniques like dripping or splattering.
- Notable Artists: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko.
Pop Art (1950s–1970s)
- Color Palette: Bright, saturated colors mimicking advertising (e.g., red, yellow, cyan).
- Brushwork: Flat, clean, and graphic with sharp edges.
- Notable Artists: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein.
Contemporary Art (1980s–Present)
- Color Palette: Wide-ranging—from neon brights to minimalist monochromes.
- Brushwork: Diverse styles include hyperrealism, digital textures, and multimedia layers.
- Notable Trends: Street art (e.g., Banksy), digital art, installation pieces.
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